Eye Conditions​

Common eye conditions

A comprehensive guide to various eye conditions, detailing symptoms, causes, and treatment options for each.

Cataracts

Cataracts are a common eye condition characterized by the clouding of the lens, a transparent structure in the eye responsible for focusing light onto the retina. As cataracts develop, vision becomes progressively blurred and cloudy, leading to decreased visual acuity. Symptoms may include blurry vision, sensitivity to light, difficulty seeing at night, and faded colors.
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Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, often due to increased pressure within the eye. It is a progressive and potentially sight-threatening disease that can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. Symptoms of glaucoma may not be noticeable in the early stages
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Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a progressive eye disease that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. It causes a loss of vision in the central field, leading to blurred or distorted vision, and can eventually result in a significant loss of central vision.
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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition that occurs as a result of long-term diabetes, causing damage to the blood vessels in the retina. It is characterized by the formation of leaky blood vessels, leading to swelling, hemorrhages, and the growth of abnormal blood vessels. If left untreated, diabetic retinopathy can result in permanent vision loss and blindness. Regular eye examinations and effective management of diabetes are essential in early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition characterized by insufficient lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eyes. It occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly. Symptoms of dry eye syndrome include dryness, redness, itching, a gritty or foreign body sensation, and blurry vision.
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Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or irritants. Symptoms of conjunctivitis include redness, itching, tearing, discharge, and a gritty sensation in the eyes.
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Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disorder that causes the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, to thin and bulge into a cone-like shape. This irregular curvature of the cornea leads to distorted and blurry vision. Common symptoms include progressive nearsightedness, astigmatism, and increased sensitivity to light.
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Ptosis (drooping eyelid)

Ptosis is a medical term used to describe a drooping or sagging of the upper eyelid. It can be caused by various factors, including muscle weakness, nerve damage, or congenital abnormalities. Ptosis can affect one or both eyes, and depending on its severity, it may obstruct vision and require medical intervention.
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Farsightedness (hyperopia)

Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is a refractive error where distant objects appear clearer than nearby objects. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal or the cornea is flatter, causing light to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it. Common symptoms of hyperopia include difficulty focusing on close-up objects, eyestrain, headaches, and blurred vision.
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Nearsightedness (myopia)

Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a refractive error that causes distant objects to appear blurry while close-up objects remain clear. It occurs when the eyeball is elongated or the cornea is too curved, leading to light focusing in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
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Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a common eye condition that affects the curvature of the cornea or the lens, resulting in blurred or distorted vision at all distances. It occurs when the cornea or lens has an irregular shape, causing light to focus unevenly on the retina. Symptoms of astigmatism include blurry vision, eyestrain, headaches, and difficulty seeing fine details.
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Presbyopia

Presbyopia is an age-related vision condition that affects the eye's ability to focus on near objects. It occurs as the natural lens of the eye loses its flexibility, making it difficult to see close-up objects clearly. Symptoms of presbyopia include the need to hold reading materials at arm's length, eyestrain, headaches, and difficulty focusing on small print.
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Optic Neuritis

Optic neuritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. It often presents with sudden vision loss in one eye, accompanied by pain with eye movement and changes in color perception. Optic neuritis can be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) or occur as an isolated episode.
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Optic Neuropathy

Optic neuropathy refers to damage or dysfunction of the optic nerve, which carries visual information from the eye to the brain. It can be caused by various factors such as trauma, inflammation, vascular disorders, or toxic substances. Symptoms of optic neuropathy include vision loss, blurred or dimmed vision, changes in color perception, and a decrease in visual acuity.
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Papilledema

Papilledema is a condition characterized by swelling of the optic nerve head due to increased pressure within the skull. It is often caused by conditions such as intracranial hypertension, brain tumors, or cerebral edema. Symptoms of papilledema include blurred vision, headache, nausea, and changes in visual acuity.
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Pinguecula & Pterygium

Pinguecula is a yellowish, raised growth on the conjunctiva, the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye. It typically forms on the side closest to the nose and is often associated with exposure to UV light and dry or dusty environments. Pterygium, on the other hand, is a fleshy growth that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, usually originating from the nasal side of the eye.
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Stye (hordeolum)

A stye, also known as a hordeolum, is a painful red bump that forms on the eyelid. It occurs when an oil gland or hair follicle on the eyelid becomes infected and inflamed, usually by bacteria. Styes can cause tenderness, swelling, and a pimple-like appearance, and they often resolve on their own within a few days or with home remedies like warm compresses.
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Chalazion

A chalazion is a non-infectious, painless lump or cyst that develops on the eyelid. It occurs when the oil-producing glands in the eyelids become blocked, leading to the accumulation of oil and swelling. Chalazia often appear as a firm, round bump on the eyelid and can cause redness, tenderness, and blurry vision if they grow large enough. While some chalazia may resolve on their own over time, warm compresses and good eyelid hygiene can help promote healing.
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Scleritis

Scleritis is a rare but serious condition characterized by inflammation of the sclera, the tough outer layer of the eye. It typically presents as severe eye pain, redness, and discomfort. Scleritis can be associated with underlying autoimmune diseases and may require prompt medical attention and treatment with anti-inflammatory medications to reduce inflammation and prevent complications that could affect vision.
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Corneal Abrasion

A corneal abrasion is a scratch or injury to the clear, front surface of the eye called the cornea. It can occur due to various causes, such as foreign objects in the eye, contact lens misuse, or trauma. Symptoms of a corneal abrasion include eye pain, redness, tearing, sensitivity to light, and a feeling of something in the eye.
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Corneal Ulcers

Corneal ulcers are open sores or wounds that develop on the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. They can be caused by infections, injuries, or underlying conditions such as dry eye or autoimmune diseases. Symptoms of corneal ulcers include severe eye pain, redness, blurred vision, increased sensitivity to light, and discharge.
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Herpes Simplex Keratitis

Herpes simplex keratitis is a viral infection that affects the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus, typically the type 1 strain. Symptoms of herpes simplex keratitis include eye pain, redness, blurred vision, light sensitivity, and the presence of small, ulcer-like lesions on the cornea.
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Trachoma

Trachoma is a contagious bacterial infection of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare. Trachoma causes inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, leading to symptoms such as eye discharge, redness, eyelid swelling, and eventually scarring.
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Eye Strain (asthenopia)

Asthenopia, also known as eye strain, refers to eye fatigue caused by prolonged activities like reading or screen use. Symptoms can include headaches, blurred vision, dry eyes, and neck and shoulder pain. Managing asthenopia typically involves taking regular breaks, adjusting lighting and screen settings, and ensuring a proper viewing distance and posture.
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Computer Vision Syndrome

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer or other display device for protracted, uninterrupted periods of time. Symptoms include headaches, blurred vision, neck pain, redness in the eyes, fatigue, eye strain, dry eyes, irritated eyes, double vision, vertigo/dizziness, and difficulty refocusing the eyes. To alleviate symptoms, individuals are advised to take regular breaks, adjust their screen settings, maintain proper posture, and ensure appropriate lighting.
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Night Blindness

Night blindness, or nyctalopia, is a condition characterized by difficulty seeing in low light or darkness, often making driving at night challenging. It can be caused by several factors including vitamin A deficiency, cataracts, and certain genetic conditions affecting the retina. Treatment and management depend on accurately identifying and addressing the underlying cause.
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Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of rare, genetic disorders that involve a breakdown and loss of cells in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye. Common symptoms include difficulty seeing at night and a loss of peripheral vision, leading to "tunnel vision." While there is currently no cure, various management strategies and aids can help individuals cope with the vision loss.
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Macular Edema

Macular edema occurs when fluid and proteins collect on or under the macula, the central part of the retina, causing it to thicken and swell, which can distort central vision. This condition can be a complication of various diseases, most commonly diabetes, but also following cataract surgery, or due to vascular occlusions and inflammatory diseases. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include medications, laser therapy, or surgery to reduce inflammation and fluid buildup.
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Ocular Hypertension

Ocular hypertension occurs when the pressure inside the eye, known as intraocular pressure, is higher than normal levels, but doesn’t cause damage to the optic nerve or vision loss. It is considered a risk factor for developing glaucoma, a more serious eye condition that can result in vision loss. Management primarily focuses on regular monitoring and, if necessary, medication to lower the intraocular pressure.
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Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is a rare form of eye cancer that primarily affects young children, originating from the retina, the light-sensitive lining on the inside of the eye. Symptoms may include a visible whiteness in the pupil, eye redness, swelling, and vision problems. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the tumor and may include chemotherapy, radiation, laser therapy, or surgery.
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Epiretinal Membrane

An epiretinal membrane is a thin layer of fibrous tissue that can develop on the surface of the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It can cause symptoms such as blurred or distorted vision and micropsia (seeing objects smaller than they are). Treatment, typically involving a surgical procedure called vitrectomy, may be recommended if the membrane significantly affects vision.
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Vitreous Detachment

Vitreous detachment occurs when the vitreous, a gel-like substance filling the eye, shrinks and separates from the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. This condition is common with aging and can lead to symptoms such as floaters, flashes of light, and a “cobweb” effect across the visual field. While it’s usually benign, in some cases it can lead to retinal tears or detachment, requiring prompt medical attention.
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Fuch's Dystrophy

Fuchs' dystrophy is a progressive eye disorder that affects the cornea, leading to the gradual loss of vision due to the degeneration of corneal endothelial cells and the accumulation of fluid within the cornea. Common symptoms include glare, cloudy or hazy vision, sensitivity to light, and pain or discomfort in the eye. Treatment options range from topical medications to manage swelling, to corneal transplantation in advanced cases.
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Aniridia

Aniridia is a rare congenital eye disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of the iris, the colored part of the eye, often affecting both eyes. This condition can result in reduced visual acuity, increased sensitivity to light, and a higher risk of developing other eye-related complications such as glaucoma and cataracts. Treatment is usually symptomatic, focusing on improving vision and managing associated complications, and may include corrective lenses, artificial irises, and medications or surgery for glaucoma and cataracts.
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common questions

Common symptoms of eye disorders can include blurred or distorted vision, pain or discomfort in the eye, redness, itching, light sensitivity, double vision, and loss of vision. However, symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific disorder.

Note: While we provide information from various sources, it’s important to consult your doctor for personalized advice and diagnosis.

Yes, lifestyle and diet can significantly impact eye health. A balanced diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E, and minerals like zinc can promote eye health. Avoiding smoking, protecting eyes from UV rays, and managing health conditions like diabetes are also important.


Reminder: We’re not doctors, but we gather information from reputable sources. Please see a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Glaucoma is often detected through comprehensive eye exams that test eye pressure, optic nerve damage, and visual field loss. While it cannot be prevented, early detection and treatment can help manage the condition and slow down vision loss.


Disclaimer: The information provided is based on research from various sources. For an accurate diagnosis and personalized advice, please consult your eye care specialist.

There have been advancements in treatments for macular degeneration, including anti-VEGF injections, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy. Additionally, lifestyle modifications and nutritional supplements can help manage the condition.


Note: While we strive to provide up-to-date information, we are not medical professionals. Please consult your doctor for the most accurate and personalized advice.

Cataracts typically develop due to aging but can also result from injury, long-term medication use, or genetic factors. Symptoms include cloudy or blurry vision, glare, double vision, and frequent prescription changes in glasses or contacts.


Reminder: This information is compiled from various sources and should not replace professional medical advice. Please visit your doctor if you have any concerns.

Eye strain usually presents with symptoms like discomfort, tiredness, and headache after prolonged visual tasks, while more serious eye conditions might have symptoms like persistent pain, vision loss, or floaters and flashes. Any persistent or severe symptoms warrant a visit to an eye care professional.
Disclaimer: We are not medical experts, and the information provided is from various sources. For any concerns or symptoms, it’s essential to consult with an eye care professional.

To protect eyes from screen-related strain, adopt the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. Ensure proper lighting, adjust screen brightness and contrast, increase text size, and blink frequently to avoid dry eyes.


Note: While we provide general advice based on various sources, individual needs can vary, so it’s always good practice to consult with an eye care professional for personalized recommendations.
Disclaimer: We are not medical experts, and the information provided is from various sources. For any concerns or symptoms, it’s essential to consult with an eye care professional.